Like most birth defects, Spina Bifida comes with other complications. Since there are many levels of severity, complications can range from minor physical issues to very severe physical and mental disabilities.
Physical complications - Some physical complications of Spina Bifida could be leg weakness/numbness or even paralysis, orthopedic abnormalities (club foot, hip dislocation, scoliosis), problems controlling bladder and bowel functions, skin irritations and latex allergies.
Neurological complications - Spina Bifida can often cause complications with the cerebellum called the Arnold Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus. There can also be abnormalities of the cortex where some parts of the brain are thicker or thinner than expected.
Cognitive function complications - Many children with Spina Bifida and hydrocephalus have demonstrated attention difficulties, including ADHD. Studies have also shown that some individuals have increased difficulty with problem-solving, planning, organization and memory functions. Because of those cognitive complications, individuals with Spina Bifida often struggle academically usually in math and reading.
Social complications - Many children with Spina Bifida are often socially immature and tend to be more passive in social situations. Children with Spina Bifida usually do not have a lot of friends and tend to spend less time with them. They often maintain social difficulties well into adulthood.
For more information about Spina Bifida complications, visit the Mayo Clinic's website!
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